Corruption Perceptions Index 2020 - Executive Summary

U NDE R EMBARGO UNTIL 06:01 C ET , 2 8 JANUARY 2020 ENDNOTES 1 John Hopkins University of Medicine, Coronavirus Resources Centre Global Map of COVID-19 Cases , www.coronavirus.jhu. edu/map.html 2 “Citizens report COVID-19 corruption”, Transparency International , September 2020, www.transparency.org/en/ citizens-report-covid-19-corruption 3 D. C. Cuadrado, The Ignored Pandemic Behind COVID-19 (London: Transparency International – Health, 2020) http://ti- health.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/ The-Ignored-Pandemic-Behind-COVID- 19-the-impact-of-corruption-on- healthcare.pdf 4 “Corruption and the Coronavirus”, Transparency International , 18 March 2020, www.transparency.org/en/news/ corruption-and-the-coronavirus 5 Transparency International, Global Corruption Barometer , www. transparency.org/en/gcb . 6 M. Chêne et al., Getting Ahead of the Curve: Exploring Post-COVID-19 Trends and their Impact on Anti-Corruption, Governance and Development (Berlin: Transparency International, 2020), www. transparency.org/en/publications/ getting-ahead-of-the-curve-exploring- post-covid-19-trends-and-their-impact- on-anti-corruption-governance-and- development%20 7 D.C. Cuadrado, 2020 8 “Tackling the crisis of democracy, promoting rule of law and fighting corruption”, Transparency International , 29 January 2019, www.transparency.org/ en/news/tackling-crisis-of-democracy- promoting-rule-of-law-and-fighting- corruption . 9 “Medical exodus leaves Romania, Bulgaria in pain,“ Deutsche Welle , 2 July 2018, www.dw.com/en/medical- exodus-leaves-romania-bulgaria-in- pain/a-44487178 . 10 “Uruguay wages successful fight against COVID-19,” Deutsche Welle , 22 August 2020, www.dw.com/en/uruguay- wages-successful-fight-against-covid- 19/a-54659839 11 A case for building a stronger health care system in Bangladesh,” World Bank Blogs , 26 July 2020, www.blogs. worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/ case-building-stronger-health-care- system-bangladesh 12 “Corruption mars Bangladesh’s Covid-19 relief efforts”, UCA News, 13 April 2020, https://www.ucanews.com/ news/corruption-mars-bangladeshs- covid-19-relief-efforts/87700 13 The World Bank’s World Development Indicators 14 “Pandemic Violations of Democratic Standards Index”, Varieties of Democracy (V-DEM) 2020, https://www.v- dem.net/en/our-work/research-projects/ pandemic-backsliding/ 15 “Trump administration is blocking COVID stimulus oversight: government watchdog letter“ Reuters , 15 June 2020, www.reuters.com/article/us- health-coronavirus-usa-stimulus/ trump-administration-is-blocking- covid-stimulus-oversight-government- watchdog-letter-idUSKBN23M2XD 16 ”Philippines: curfew violators abused”, Human Rights Watch , March 26 2020, www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/26/ philippines-curfew-violators-abused . 17 ”Press freedom further restricted amid COVID-19 pandemic,” Philippine Centre for Investigative Journalism , 4 May 2020, www.pcij.org/article/4009/ state-of-media-freedom-in-ph-2 18 “New Zealand’s COVID-19 strategy looks successful, but we must safeguard democracy,” The Guardian , 15 April 2020, www.theguardian.com/ commentisfree/2020/apr/16/new- zealands-fight-against-covid-19-looks- successful-but-democracy-is-under- threat 19 “Anti-corruption response to COVID-19 must include women”, UN Women: Americas and the Caribbean , 10 CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2020 25